Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement schedule?

• A. Fixed-interval
• B. Negative reinforcement
• C. Variable-ratio
• D. Fixed-ratio

Answer: (B)

In the context of reinforcement schedules, the correct response identifies a distinction between types of reinforcement schedules and a type of reinforcement itself. Fixed-interval, variable-ratio, and fixed-ratio are all specific schedules used to deliver reinforcement based on the timing or number of responses.

Fixed-interval schedules provide reinforcement after a set amount of time has passed once a desired behavior is performed, encouraging behavior to be exhibited more frequently as the reinforcement time approaches. Variable-ratio schedules involve delivering reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, which tends to produce a high rate of responding, as individuals cannot predict when they will receive reinforcement. Fixed-ratio schedules reinforce behavior after a specific number of responses, motivating the individual to achieve the target to receive consistent rewards.

On the other hand, negative reinforcement is a concept referring to the behavior's strengthening through the removal of an aversive stimulus, not a schedule of reinforcement. It does not specify a timing or requirement for reinforcement delivery, which is the critical factor that defines reinforcement schedules. This distinction underscores why negative reinforcement does not fit within the categories of reinforcement schedules, making it the correct choice.